Determination of the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of Ethanol Extract Gel from Arumanis Mango Leaves (Mangifera indica L. var. arumanis) as a Sunscreen Using the UV-Vis Spectrophotometry Method

Laikhah; Indah Shaliha; Alif Warnandi

doi:10.33759/jrki.v8i1.909

Authors

Laikhah Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan KHAS Kempek Cirebon
Indah Shaliha Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan KHAS Kempek Cirebon
Alif Warnandi Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan KHAS Kempek Cirebon

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33759/jrki.v8i1.909

Keywords:

Natural sunscreen, Mangifera indica, leaf extract, sun protection factor, topical gel, photoprotective agent

Abstract

Skin damage caused by ultraviolet radiation has become a major health concern, prompting the search for natural photoprotective agents. This study aimed to determine the sun protection factor of ethanol-based Mangifera indica L. var. arumanis leaf extract and its topical gel formulations. Fresh mature leaves were dried, powdered, and extracted using maceration with 96% ethanol. The extract was subsequently formulated into gels with varying concentrations and evaluated for physical properties including pH, viscosity, spreadability, adhesion, homogeneity, and organoleptic characteristics. The sun protection factor was measured using UV-Visible spectrophotometry and calculated via the Mansur equation. Results showed that the ethanol extract provided ultra-level photoprotection at all tested concentrations, while gel formulations containing higher extract concentrations achieved enhanced sun protection, with optimal physical stability observed at intermediate concentrations. Excessive extract concentration resulted in reduced homogeneity and decreased adhesion. These findings demonstrate that Mangifera indica L. var. arumanis leaf extract is a promising natural sunscreen ingredient and that careful formulation is required to balance biological efficacy with physical stability. The study provides a basis for developing safe and effective natural sun protection products.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adhawiyah R. Aktivitas Antibakteri Gel Ekstrak Daun Peluntas (Pluchea Indica Lf) Terhadap Staphylococcus Aureus Secara Invitro. Stikes Karya Putra Bangsa Tulungagung; 2019.

Bahar A. Stabilitas dan Efektivitas Senyawa Fotoprotektif pada Tabir Surya Alami. J Farm Indones. 2021;12(3):150-160.

Chang R. Kimia Dasar: Konsep-Konsep Inti. Erlangga; 2018.

Anita H, Haryadi W, Setyaningrum DL. Formulasi dan Evaluasi Gel Ekstrak Kulit Buah Manggis sebagai Tabir Surya. J Farm Indones. 2017;11(2):78-84.

Fitriani R, Dewi K. Formulasi dan evaluasi sediaan gel ekstrak etanol daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum) dengan basis carbopol. J Ilm Farm. 2019;15(1):45-52.

Putri AD, others. Aktiivitas fotoprotektif ekstrak metanol daun mangga terhadap sinar UV-B. J Fitokimia dan Farm Alami. 2020;6(2):123-129.

Diso SU, Mukhtar MD, Dutsinma UA. Phytochemical screening of leaves, seed, stem and root bark extracts of Mangifera indica (Mango). J Adv Microbiol Res. 2023;4(1):118-122.

Idris N. Analisis Kandungan β-Karoten Dan Penentuan Aktivitas Antioksidan Dari Buah Melon (Cucumis Melo Linn.) Secara Spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Universitas Islam Nergeri Alauddin, Makassar; 2021.

Septiana T, Safitri A, Nurjamilah S. Optimasi Proses Ekstraksi Senyawa Fenolik dari Daun Mangga (Mangifera indica L.) dengan Metode Maserasi. J Teknol Ind Pertan. 2022;32(1):101-110.

Harris S, Jones M. Value Co-creation in Creative Business Models: A Theoretical Review. J Bus Res. 2020;120:389-398.

Jabar MA, Nadifa JA, Sulistiyowati M. Comprehensive Study of the Morphology and Anatomy of Mango (Mangifera indica) as a Differentiator from Other Species: A Literature Review. J Serambi Biol. 2024;9(1):138-151.

Putri AR, Handayani R. Evaluasi sifat fisik dan homogenitas sediaan gel ekstrak herbal sebagai kosmetik topikal. J Farm Sains dan Terap. 2021;7(2):33-40.

Sari DA, Rahayu T, Kusuma FA. Aktivitas Tabir Surya Ekstrak Etanol Daun Iler (Coleus scutellarioides) pada Rentang Panjang Gelombang 200--400 nm. Indones J Chem Sci. 2016;5(2):45-50.

Pan J, et al. Bioactive phenolics from mango leaves (Mangifera indica L.). Ind Crops Prod. 2018;111:400-406.

Yulianti E, Adelsa A, Putri A. Penentuan nilai SPF (sun protecting factor) ekstrak etanol 70% temu mangga (Curcuma mangga) dan krim ekstrak etanol 70% temu mangga (Curcuma mangga) secara in vitro menggunakan spektrofotometri. Published online 2015.

Rachmawati D, Sari R. Pengaruh pH terhadap stabilitas fisik sediaan gel ekstrak herbal. J Farm Indones. 2018;9(2):45-52.

Adnan H, Safaruddin S, Ramadana R. Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Mangga Arumanis (Mangifera indica L.) dengan Metode DPPH. J Farm Dan Kesehat Indones. 2020;1(1):1-8.

Dalimunthe YPS. Perbandingan Nilai Sun Protection Factor (SPF) Dan PH Krim Tabir Surya Ekstrak Daun Belimbing Wuluh. Universitas Ar-Raniry; 2022.

Khan MS, Ahmad A, Akhtar J. Evaluation of viscosity and spreadability of topical gels containing natural polymers. Int J Pharm Res. 2019;11(3):145-152.

Petrucci RH, Harwood WS, Herring FG, Madura JD. General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications. Pearson Education; 2017.

Wahyuni SI, Luliana L, Safitri A. Uji Aktivitas Tabir Surya Ekstrak Etanol Daun Mangga Arumanis (Mangifera indica L.) secara In Vitro. J Farm Indones. 2020;12(1):40-47.

Hanifa HN, et al. Uji Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Mangga Arumanis (Mangifera indica L.) Terhadap Esherichia coli. Gunung Djati Conf Ser. 2022;7.

Widiyastuti Y, Suparman S, Lestari S. Skrining Fitokimia Ekstrak Etanol Daun Mangga Arumanis (Mangifera indica L.). J Farm Sains dan Komunitas. 2021;18(1):21-27.

Sari IP, Budiastuti M, Kurniawati D. Formulasi Sediaan Gel Ekstrak Etanol Daun Mangga Arumanis (Mangifera indica L.) dan Uji Antioksidan. J Res Pharm. 2019;2(2):52-59.

Seran IC, Yulianti DR, Ningsih AW. Pengaruh perbedaan pelarut ekstrak daun mangga (Mangifera indica L. var. Arumanis) terhadap aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH (1,1-dyphenyl-2-pikrilhidrazil). J Kesehat Hesti Wira Sakti. 2023;11(1):55-62.

Ifmaily I, Martinus BA, Rahmawati A. Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Kulit Buah Mangga Arumanis (Mangifera Indica L.) dengan Metode DPPH Serta Uji Toksisitasnya. J Vent. 2024;2(3):392-399.

Shabrina AM, others. Potential of Natural-Based Sun Protection Factor (SPF). MDPI. Published online 2025.

Suena NMDS, Rahayu LRP, Wijaya SC, Antari NPU, Adrianta KA. Formulation and Antioxidant Activity Test of Centella asiatica Herba Extract and Moringa oleifera Leaves Extract as An Anti-Aging Emulgel. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2024;8(3):6525-6536. doi:10.26538/tjnpr/v8i3.9

Aulton ME, Taylor KMG. Aulton’s Pharmaceutics: The Design and Manufacture of Medicines. 6th ed. (Taylor KMG, Aulton ME, eds.). Elsevier; 2021.

Sasadara M, Nayaka N, Yuda P, et al. Optimization of chlorophyll extraction solvent of bulung sangu (Gracilaria sp.) seaweed. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci. 2021;913(1). doi:10.1088/1755-1315/913/1/012073